作者ubl007·2023-09-17 16:23

私有云高级交付（DTA方向）·百度智能云

基于 Containerd 搭建 Kubernetes 1.28.0 版本集群

字数 16363阅读 1099评论 0赞 5

内容摘要：

文章介绍了使用Containerd搭建Kubernetes集群的步骤，包括安装配置Containerd、初始化master节点、安装网络插件、加入slave节点等。同时介绍了相关命令和配置文件，以及安装crictl客户端工具的方法。

当前摘要为AI生成

主要操作步骤：

1、初始化 OS

2、对OS进行集群配置初始化

3、确定 部署机器与待安装机器

4、安装并配置 Containerd

5、安装 Kubernetes工具集

6、初始化全部的 master节点

7、安装 Kubernetes网络插件

8、将slave节点加入到集群中

**************************************************************************************************
待操作的主机规格

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478287280440.png)

集群内的角色成员

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478295963901.png)

*************************************************************************************************************

Step 1 为集群内的主机配置 SSH 授权认证登录

参考命令

[root@localhost centos7-00]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" <<-EOF  
>
> 
> 
>  EOF  
Generating public/private rsa key pair.  
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created  
directory '/root/.ssh'.  
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.  
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub   
The key's randomart image is:

+---[RSA 2048]----+

| oo . |

| =.. o .|

| o.*o.. o |

| o+oo+o.+|

| S+.=*o+*.|

| E=.== .|

| .+++* .|

| oo++.* |

| o =. |

+----[SHA256]-----+

[root@localhost centos7-00]#

cp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

for i in {192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152};do scp -r /root/.ssh root@$i:/root/;done

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478329541965.png)
![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478333546337.png)
![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478349569842.png)
![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478354688810.png)

Step 2 配置 集群内 resolve 地址解析

参考命令：

> /etc/hosts

tee -a /etc/hosts <<-'EOF'

> 192.168.136.153 master0

> 192.168.136.145 slave0

> 192.168.136.152 slave1

> EOF

for i in {192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152};do scp /etc/hosts root@$i:/etc/;done

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478376087507.png)

Step 3 配置集群内各主机的静态主机名

参考命令：

cat /etc/hosts | while read hang;do server=`echo ${hang} | awk -F " " '{print $1}'` && name=`echo ${hang} | awk -F " " '{print $2}'` && ssh -n root@${server} "hostnamectl set-hostname ${name}";done

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478395867792.png)

Step 4 酌情关闭集群内主机的 SElinux、 swap、 OS 防火墙，并检查其状态

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do ssh root@$i "echo -e ' ';echo -e ' 主 机 IP 信 息 ';ip a | grep -E -w 'inet.*ens33';echo -e ' ';echo -e 'SELinux 状态';sestatus;echo -e '   ';echo -e 'OS 防 火墙状态'systemctl status firewalld;echo -e ' ';echo -e 'OS 的 SWAP 状态';swapon --show;echo -e ' '" ; done

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478392354795.png)

Step 5 配置集群内的授时服务（192.168.136.153 为本集群内的时钟服务器）

参考命令：

systemctl start chronyd;systemctl enable chronyd;systemctl restart chronyd;systemctl status chronyd;sleep 5;timedatectl;chronyc sourcestats -v;chronyc sources -v

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478423863717.png)

Step 6 配置 集群内的 时钟接收者

参考命令：

ssh root@192.168.136.145

scp /etc/chrony.conf root@192.168.136.152:/etc/

for i in {192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152};do ssh root@$i "systemctl start chronyd;systemctl status chronyd;systemctl enable chronyd;systemctl restart chronyd;chronyc -a makestep;sleep 5 ;timedatectl;chronyc sourcestats -v;chronyc sources -v";done

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478419990652.png)

Step 7 安装并配置 Containerd

参考命令：

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do ssh

root@$i "wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo" ;

done

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do ssh

root@$i "yum clean all && yum makecache && yum update -y" ; done

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do ssh

root@$i "yum install -y containerd" ; done

containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

for i in {192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do scp

/etc/containerd/config.toml root@$i:/etc/containerd/ ; done

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do ssh

root@$i "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart containerd && systemctl status

containerd" ; done

[root@master0 centos7-00]# cat /etc/containerd/config.toml

disabled_plugins = []

imports = []

oom_score = 0

plugin_dir = ""

required_plugins = []

root = "/var/lib/containerd"

state = "/run/containerd"

temp = ""

version = 2

[cgroup]

path = ""

[debug]

address = ""

format = ""

gid = 0

level = ""

uid = 0

[grpc]

address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"

gid = 0

max_recv_message_size = 16777216

max_send_message_size = 16777216

tcp_address = ""

tcp_tls_ca = ""

tcp_tls_cert = ""

tcp_tls_key = ""

uid = 0

[metrics]

address = ""

grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]

[plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]

deletion_threshold = 0

mutation_threshold = 100

pause_threshold = 0.02

schedule_delay = "0s"

startup_delay = "100ms"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]

device_ownership_from_security_context = false

disable_apparmor = false

disable_cgroup = false

disable_hugetlb_controller = true

disable_proc_mount = false

disable_tcp_service = true

enable_selinux = false

enable_tls_streaming = false

enable_unprivileged_icmp = false

enable_unprivileged_ports = false

ignore_image_defined_volumes = false

max_concurrent_downloads = 3

max_container_log_line_size = 16384

netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false

restrict_oom_score_adj = false

# sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6"

sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"

selinux_category_range = 1024

stats_collect_period = 10

stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"

stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"

stream_server_port = "0"

systemd_cgroup = false

tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true

unset_seccomp_profile = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]

bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"

conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"

conf_template = ""

ip_pref = ""

max_conf_num = 1

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]

default_runtime_name = "runc"

disable_snapshot_annotations = true

discard_unpacked_layers = false

ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false

no_pivot = false

snapshotter = "overlayfs"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]

base_runtime_spec = ""

cni_conf_dir = ""

cni_max_conf_num = 0

container_annotations = []

pod_annotations = []

privileged_without_host_devices = false

runtime_engine = ""

runtime_path = ""

runtime_root = ""

runtime_type = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]

base_runtime_spec = ""

cni_conf_dir = ""

cni_max_conf_num = 0

container_annotations = []

pod_annotations = []

privileged_without_host_devices = false

runtime_engine = ""

runtime_path = ""

runtime_root = ""

runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]

BinaryName = ""

CriuImagePath = ""

CriuPath = ""

CriuWorkPath = ""

IoGid = 0

IoUid = 0

NoNewKeyring = false

NoPivotRoot = false

Root = ""

ShimCgroup = ""

#SystemdCgroup = false

SystemdCgroup = true

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]

base_runtime_spec = ""

cni_conf_dir = ""

cni_max_conf_num = 0

container_annotations = []

pod_annotations = []

privileged_without_host_devices = false

runtime_engine = ""

runtime_path = ""

runtime_root = ""

runtime_type = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]

key_model = "node"

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]

#config_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]

endpoint = ["https://9oe2llyt.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

#[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]

tls_cert_file = ""

tls_key_file = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]

path = "/opt/containerd"

[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]

interval = "10s"

[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]

sampling_ratio = 1.0

service_name = "containerd"

[plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]

content_sharing_policy = "shared"

[plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]

no_prometheus = false

[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]

no_shim = false

runtime = "runc"

runtime_root = ""

shim = "containerd-shim"

shim_debug = false

[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]

platforms = ["linux/amd64"]

sched_core = false

[plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]

default = ["walking"]

[plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]

rdt_config_file = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]

root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]

root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]

async_remove = false

base_image_size = ""

discard_blocks = false

fs_options = ""

fs_type = ""

pool_name = ""

root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]

root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]

root_path = ""

upperdir_label = false

[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]

root_path = ""

[plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]

endpoint = ""

insecure = false

protocol = ""

[proxy_plugins]

[stream_processors]

[stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]

accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]

args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]

env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]

path = "ctd-decoder"

returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"

[stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]

accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]

args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]

env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]

path = "ctd-decoder"

returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"

[timeouts]

"io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"

"io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"

"io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"

"io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"

"io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]

address = ""

gid = 0

uid = 0

[root@master0 centos7-00]#

Step 8 安装 kubernetes 社区提供的 containerd 客户端工具 crictl

根 据 https://www.downloadkubernetes.com/ 确 定 即 将 安 装 的

Kubernetes 版本， 本次即将安装 Kubernetes v1.28.0。 客户端工具 crictl 的

版本号需和即将安装的 Kubernetes 版本号一致。

参考命令：

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do scp ./crictl-v1.28.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz root@$i:/opt/;sleep 3;ssh root@$i "cd /opt/ && tar -xzf crictl-v1.28.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/bin/" ; done

[root@master0 centos7-00]# cat > crictl.yaml <<-'EOF'

> runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock

> image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock

> timeout: 10

> EOF

[root@master0 centos7-00]#

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do scp ./crictl.yaml root@$i:/etc/" ; done

Step 9 安装 Kubernetes v1.28.0

参考命令：

[root@master0 centos7-00]# cat < kubernetes.repo

> [kubernetes]

> name=Kubernetes

> baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/

> enabled=1

> gpgcheck=1

> repo_gpgcheck=1

> gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

> EOF

[root@master0 centos7-00]#

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do scp ./kubernetes.repo root@$i:/etc/yum.repos.d/ ; done

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do ssh root@$i "yum install -y {kubeadm,kubelet,kubectl}-1.28.0-0" ; done

[root@master0 centos7-00]# cat > kubelet <<EOF
> KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=systemd
> EOF

[root@master0 centos7-00]#

for i in {192.168.136.153,192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do ssh root@$i "systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl is-active kubelet" ; done

kubeadm config print init-defaults | tee kubernetes-init.yaml

kubeadm init --config ./kubernetes-init.yaml --v=5 | tee kubernetes-init.log

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478469099501.png)

[root@master0 centos7-00]# cat kubernetes-init.yaml

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3

bootstrapTokens:

- groups:

- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token

token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef

ttl: 24h0m0s

usages:

- signing

- authentication

kind: InitConfiguration

localAPIEndpoint:

#advertiseAddress: 1.2.3.4

advertiseAddress: 192.168.136.153

bindPort: 6443

nodeRegistration:

criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

#name: node

name: master0

taints: null

---

apiServer:

timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3

certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki

#clusterName: kubernetes

clusterName: kubernetes_Containerd

controllerManager: {}

dns: {}

etcd:

local:

dataDir: /var/lib/etcd

#imageRepository: registry.k8s.io

imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

kind: ClusterConfiguration

kubernetesVersion: 1.28.0

networking:

dnsDomain: cluster.local

serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12

podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16

scheduler: {}

---

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1

kind: KubeletConfiguration

cgroupDriver: systemd

[root@master0 centos7-00]#

Step 10 给 Kubernetes 集群安装 CNI 网络插件

参考命令：

wget https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kubeflannel.yml

kubectl apply -f /home/centos7-00/kube-flannel.yml

Step 11 把 slave 节点加入初始化好后的 Kubernetes 集群

参考命令：

for i in {192.168.136.145,192.168.136.152}; do ssh root@$i "kubeadm join

192.168.136.153:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:24421351ee9325ac028036b089aa62f01c7e39ec385135c22e113f657b0d78ba --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock" ; done

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478482721042.png)

Step 11 查看 Kubernetes 集群状态

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478488618789.png)

Step 12 平稳关闭Kubernetes 集群

![](/home/attachment/202309/15/1227757_169478495122124.png)

Kubernetes

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